Pathogenesis
TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.
The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the "Ghon focus", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung. This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones. All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid.
- center of tubercles
- caseous necrosis
- From blood stream to tissues
- And then to organs
Related Conference of Pathogenesis
10th International Congress on Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
19th International Conference on Virology, Emerging Diseases & vaccines
9th International Conference on Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics
8th International Conference on Microbiome, Probiotics & Gut Nutrition
7th International Conference on Antimicrobial and Antibacterial Agents
7th International Conference on Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Diseases
Pathogenesis Conference Speakers
Recommended Sessions
- : Causes of Tuberculosis
- Challenges in TB diagnostics
- Diagnosis
- Epidemiology of the disease
- Genome
- Intoduction to Tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
- New research and development
- Pathogenesis
- Prevention
- Pulmonary disorders
- Resistance to TB drugs
- Surveillance and Tracking of Drug-Resistant TB
- Symptoms
- TB and HIV co-infection
- TB clinical trials
- Treatment (Vaccines & Immunization)
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